CHAPTER 59
(Gadayuddha Parva ) -- Continued.
Bhima Tries to Crush Duryodhana's Head With His Foot and Yudhishthira Prevents Him
SYNOPSIS
The passage vividly captures the aftermath of Duryodhana’s brutal defeat by Bhima in the Mahabharata. Struck down in combat, Duryodhana lies on the battlefield like a fallen titan. Bhima, consumed by rage and vengeance, mocks him for his past crimes, especially the humiliation of Draupadi. With scornful words, he places his foot on Duryodhana’s head, taunting him for once calling the Pandavas “cows.” Bhima declares their revenge complete, boasting of the annihilation of the Kauravas. His actions, however, draw disapproval from allies who find such behavior dishonorable, even against an enemy.
Yudhishthira intervenes to chastise Bhima. He condemns his brother’s disrespect, reminding him that Duryodhana, for all his faults, was still a king, a kinsman, and a fallen warrior deserving dignity in death. Turning to the dying Duryodhana, Yudhishthira does not offer comfort but delivers a cold reckoning, blaming his greed and pride for the war and the destruction of his family. He makes it clear that Duryodhana’s suffering is self-inflicted, the result of his own hubris.
Yet Yudhishthira reveals the bitter truth: the Pandavas are the real wretches. Their so-called victory has left them miserable survivors in a ruined world. They must endure the agony of living with the deaths of their loved ones and face the grief-stricken widows of their families and allies. Duryodhana’s death is enviable, granting him escape, while the Pandavas are cursed to live on, burdened by the devastating cost of war. The passage closes with Yudhishthira lamenting the futility of revenge, the inevitability of destiny, and the hollow triumph of their shattered victory.
CHAPTER 59
संजय उवाच
तं पातितं ततो दृष्ट्वा महाशालमिवोद्गतम् ।
प्रहृष्टमनसः सर्वे दद्दशुस्तत्र पाण्डवाः ॥ १ ॥
उन्मत्तमिव मातङ्ग सिंहेन विनिपातितम् ।
दद्दशुर्हष्टरोमाणः सर्वे ते चापि सोमकाः ॥ २ ॥
saṃjaya uvāca
taṃ pātitaṃ tato dṛṣṭvā mahāśālamivodgatam |
prahṛṣṭamanasaḥ sarve daddaśustatra pāṇḍavāḥ || 1 ||
unmattamiva mātaṅga siṃhena vinipātitam |
daddaśurhaṣṭaromāṇaḥ sarve te cāpi somakāḥ || 2 ||
Sanjaya saidSeeing Duryodhana struck down on Earth like a gigantic Shala uprooted by the storm, the Pandavas were filled with delight. The Somakas also saw, with their hair standing erect, the Kuru king felled upon the Earth, like an infuriated elephant felled by a lion.
ततो दुर्योधनं हत्वा भीमसेनः प्रतापवान् ।
पातितं कौरवेन्द्रं तमुपगम्येदमब्रवीत् ॥ ३ ॥
गौरिति पुरा मन्द द्रौपदीमेकवाससम् ।
यत् सभायां हसन्नस्मांस्तदा वदसि दुर्मते ॥ ४ ॥
तस्यावहासस्य फलमद्य त्वं समवाप्नुहि ।
एवमुक्त्वा स वामेन पदा मौलिमुपास्पृशत् ॥ ५ ॥
शिरश्च राजसिंहस्य पादेन समलोडयत् ।
tato duryodhanaṃ hatvā bhīmasenaḥ pratāpavān |
pātitaṃ kauravendraṃ tamupagamyedamabravīt || 3 ||
gauriti purā manda draupadīmekavāsasam |
yat sabhāyāṃ hasannasmāṃstadā vadasi durmate || 4 ||
tasyāvahāsasya phalamadya tvaṃ samavāpnuhi |
evamuktvā sa vāmena padā maulimupāspṛśat || 5 ||
śiraśca rājasiṃhasya pādena samaloḍayat |
Having struck Duryodhana down the brave Bhimasena, approaching the Kuru chief, addressed him, saying – O wretch, formerly laughing at Draupadi who had no cloth in the assembly, you, O fool, called us Cows. Bear now the consequences of that insult. Saying so, he struck the head of his fallen foe, with his left foot. Indeed, he struck the head of that best of kings with his foot.
तथैवः क्रोधसंरक्तो भीमः परबलार्दनः ॥ ६ ॥
पुनरेवाब्रवीद्वाक्यं यत् तच्छृणु नराधिप ।
येऽस्मान् पुरोपनृत्यन्त मूढा गौरिति गौरिति ॥ ७ ॥
तान् वयं प्रतिनृत्यामः पुनर्गौरिति गौरिति ।
नास्माकं निकृतिर्वह्निर्नाक्षद्यूतं न वञ्चना ।
स्वबाहुबलमाश्रित्य प्रबाधामो वयं रिपून् ॥ ८ ॥
सोऽवाप्य वैरस्य परस्य पारं वृकोदरः प्राह शनैः प्रहस्य |
युधिष्ठिरं केशवसृजयांश्च धनंजय माद्रवतीसुतौ च ॥ ९ ॥
tathaivaḥ krodhasaṃrakto bhīmaḥ parabalārdanaḥ || 6 ||
punarevābravīdvākyaṃ yat tacchṛṇu narādhipa |
ye’smān puropanṛtyanta mūḍhā gauriti gauriti || 7 ||
tān vayaṃ pratinṛtyāmaḥ punargauriti gauriti |
nāsmākaṃ nikṛtirvahnirnākṣadyūtaṃ na vañcanā |
svabāhubalamāśritya prabādhāmo vayaṃ ripūn || 8 ||
so’vāpya vairasya parasya pāraṃ vṛkodaraḥ prāha śanaiḥ prahasya |
yudhiṣṭhiraṃ keśavasṛjayāṃśca dhanaṃjaya mādravatīsutau ca || 9 ||
With eyes reddened in wrath, Bhimasena, that grinder of hostile armies, once more said these words. Listen to them, O king, we will now dance and call them Cows!--who formerly insulted us by calling us so. We have no deceipt, no fire, no match at dice, no deception! Depending upon the strength of our own arms we resist and check our foes! — Having brought those fierce hostilities to a close, Vrikodara once more slowly and laughingly said these words unto Yudhisthira and Keshava and the Shrinjayas and Dhananjaya and the two sons of Madri.
रजस्वलां द्रौपदीमानयन् ये चाप्यकुर्वन्त सदस्यवस्त्राम्।
तान् पश्यध्वं पाण्डवैर्धार्तराष्ट्रान् रणे हतांस्तपसा याज्ञसेन्याः ॥ १० ॥
rajasvalāṃ draupadīmānayan ye cāpyakurvanta sadasyavastrām|
tān paśyadhvaṃ pāṇḍavairdhārtarāṣṭrān raṇe hatāṃstapasā yājñasenyāḥ || 10 ||
Let them who had dragged Draupadi, while she was in her period, into the assembly, and had made her necked there, behold those Dhartarashtras slain in battle by the Pandavas through the ascetic penances of Yajnasena's daughter.
ये नः पुरा षण्डतिलानवोचन् क्रूरा राज्ञो धृतराष्ट्रस्य पुत्राः ।
ते नो हताः सगणाः सानुबन्धाः कामं स्वर्गं नरकं वा पतामः ॥ ११ ॥
पुनश्च राज्ञः पतितस्य भूमौ सतां गदां स्कन्धगतां प्रगृह्य ।
वामेन पादेन शिरः प्रमृद्य दुर्योधनं नैकृतिकं न्यवोचत् ॥ १२ ॥
ye naḥ purā ṣaṇḍatilānavocan krūrā rājño dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putrāḥ |
te no hatāḥ sagaṇāḥ sānubandhāḥ kāmaṃ svargaṃ narakaṃ vā patāmaḥ || 11 ||
punaśca rājñaḥ patitasya bhūmau satāṃ gadāṃ skandhagatāṃ pragṛhya |
vāmena pādena śiraḥ pramṛdya duryodhanaṃ naikṛtikaṃ nyavocat || 12 ||
Those wicked sons of King Dhritarashtra who had called us Sesame seeds without kernel have all been killed by us with their relatives and followers! It is a matter of no consequence whether we go to heaven or hell! —– Once more, uplifting the mace that was on his shoulders he struck with his left, foot the head of the king who was lying on Earth, and addressed the deceitful Duryodhana.
हृष्टेन राजन् कुरुसत्तमस्य क्षुद्रात्मना भीमसेनेन पादम् ।
दृष्ट्वा कृतं मूर्धनि नाभ्यनन्दन् धर्मात्मानः सोमकानां प्रबर्हाः ॥ १३ ॥
hṛṣṭena rājan kurusattamasya kṣudrātmanā bhīmasenena pādam |
dṛṣṭvā kṛtaṃ mūrdhani nābhyanandan dharmātmānaḥ somakānāṃ prabarhāḥ || 13 ||
Seeing the foot of the rejoicing but mean Bhimasena placed upon the head of that foremost one Kuru's race, many of the leading warriors among the Somakas did not a all approve of it.
तव पुत्रं तथा हत्वा कत्थमानं वृकोदरम् ।
नृत्यमानं च बहुशो धर्मराजोऽब्रवीदिदम् ॥ १४ ॥
गतोऽसि वैरस्यानृण्यं प्रतिज्ञा पूरिता त्वया ।
शुभेनाथाशुभेनैव कर्मणा विरमाधुना ॥ १५ ॥
tava putraṃ tathā hatvā katthamānaṃ vṛkodaram |
nṛtyamānaṃ ca bahuśo dharmarājo’bravīdidam || 14 ||
gato’si vairasyānṛṇyaṃ pratijñā pūritā tvayā |
śubhenāthāśubhenaiva karmaṇā viramādhunā || 15 ||
After having stuck down your son, while Vrikodara was thus vaunting and dancing madly, King Yudhisthira said to him - `You have wreaked your vengeance (on Duryodhana) and gained your ends by means fair or foul! Cease now, O Bhima.
मा शिरोऽस्य पदा मादर्मा धर्मस्तेऽतिगो भवेत् ।
राजा ज्ञातिर्हतश्चायं नैतन्याय्यं तवानघ ॥ १६ ॥
mā śiro’sya padā mādarmā dharmaste’tigo bhavet |
rājā jñātirhataścāyaṃ naitanyāyyaṃ tavānagha || 16 ||
Do not crush his head with your foot! Do not act sinfully! Duryodhana is a king! He is, again, your kinsman! He has fallen! Your conduct, O sinless one, is not becoming.
एकादशचमूनाथं कुरूणामधिपं तथा ।
मा स्प्राक्षीर्भीम पादेन राजानं ज्ञातिमेव च ॥ १७ ॥
ekādaśacamūnāthaṃ kurūṇāmadhipaṃ tathā |
mā sprākṣīrbhīma pādena rājānaṃ jñātimeva ca || 17 ||
Duryodhana was the lord of eleven Akshauhinis of troops. He was the king of the Kurus! Do not, O Bhima, strike a king and a kinsman with your foot!
हतबन्धुर्हतामात्यो भ्रष्टसैन्यो हतो मृधे ।
सर्वाकारेण शोच्योऽयं नावहास्योऽयमीश्वरः ॥ १८ ॥
hatabandhurhatāmātyo bhraṣṭasainyo hato mṛdhe |
sarvākāreṇa śocyo’yaṃ nāvahāsyo’yamīśvaraḥ || 18 ||
His relatives are killed! His friends and counselors are all slain! His troops have been destroyed! He has been struck down in battle! He is to be pitied in every respect! He deserves not to be insulted, remember that he is a king!
विध्वस्तोऽयं हतामात्यो हतभ्राता हतप्रजः ।
उत्सन्नपिण्डो भ्राता च नैतन्याय्यं कृतं त्वया ॥ १९ ॥
vidhvasto’yaṃ hatāmātyo hatabhrātā hataprajaḥ |
utsannapiṇḍo bhrātā ca naitanyāyyaṃ kṛtaṃ tvayā || 19 ||
He is ruined! His friends and kinsmen have been killed! His brothers have been slain! His sons too have been killed! His funeral cake has been taken away! He is our brother! Your conduct towards him is not proper!
धार्मिको भीमसेनोऽसावित्याहुस्त्वां पुरा जनाः ।
स कस्माद् भीमसेन त्वं राजानमधितिष्ठसि ॥ २० ॥
इत्युक्त्वा भीमसेनं तु साश्रुकण्ठो युधिष्ठिरः ।
उपसृत्याब्रवीद् दीनो दुर्योधनमरिंदमम् ॥ २१ ॥
तात मन्युर्न ते कार्यो नात्मा शोच्यस्त्वया तथा ।
नूनं पूर्वकृतं कर्म सुघोरमनुभूयते ॥ २२ ॥
dhārmiko bhīmaseno’sāvityāhustvāṃ purā janāḥ |
sa kasmād bhīmasena tvaṃ rājānamadhitiṣṭhasi || 20 ||
ityuktvā bhīmasenaṃ tu sāśrukaṇṭho yudhiṣṭhiraḥ |
upasṛtyābravīd dīno duryodhanamariṃdamam || 21 ||
tāta manyurna te kāryo nātmā śocyastvayā tathā |
nūnaṃ pūrvakṛtaṃ karma sughoramanubhūyate || 22 ||
Bhimasena is a righteous man! People used to say this before of thee! Why then, O Bhimasena, do you insult the king in this way?' Saying this to Bhimasena, Yudhishthira, with a voice suppressed with tears, and afflicted with sorrows approached Duryodhana, and said to him. 'O brother, you should not give way to anger nor grieve for yourself! Forsooth, you suffer the dreadful consequences of your former acts!
धात्रोपदिष्टं विषमं नूनं फलमसंस्कृतम् ।
यद् वयं त्वां जिघांसामस्त्वं चास्मान् कुरुसत्तम ॥ २३ ॥
dhātropadiṣṭaṃ viṣamaṃ nūnaṃ phalamasaṃskṛtam |
yad vayaṃ tvāṃ jighāṃsāmastvaṃ cāsmān kurusattama || 23 ||
Forsooth, this sad and woeful result had been ordained the Creator himself, viz., that we should harm you and you should injure us, O foremost one of Kuru's race!
आत्मनो ह्यपराधेन महद् व्यसनमीदृशम् ।
प्राप्तवानसि यल्लोभान्मदाद् बाल्याच्च भारत ॥ २४ ॥
ātmano hyaparādhena mahad vyasanamīdṛśam |
prāptavānasi yallobhānmadād bālyācca bhārata || 24 ||
Through thy fault, avarice pride, and folly this great calamity has befallen you, O Bharata!
घातयित्वा वयस्यांश्च भ्रातॄनथ पितॄंस्तथा ।
पुत्रान् पौत्रांस्तथा चान्यांस्ततोऽसि निधनं गतः ।। २५ ।
ghātayitvā vayasyāṃśca bhrātṝnatha pitṝṃstathā |
putrān pautrāṃstathā cānyāṃstato’si nidhanaṃ gataḥ || 25 |
Having brought about the death of your companions and brothers and sires and sons and grandsons and others you now meet with your death!
तवापराधदस्माभिर्भ्रातरस्ते निपातिताः ।
निहता ज्ञातयश्चापि दिष्टं मन्ये दुरत्ययम् ॥ २६ ॥
tavāparādhadasmābhirbhrātaraste nipātitāḥ |
nihatā jñātayaścāpi diṣṭaṃ manye duratyayam || 26 ||
For your folly, your brothers, mighty car-warriors all, and your kinsmen, have been killed by us! I think all this is the work of irresistible Destiny!
आत्मा न शोचनीयस्ते श्लाघ्यो मृत्युस्तवानघ ।
वयमेवाधुना शोच्याः सर्वावस्थासु कौरव ॥ २७ ॥
कृपणं वर्तयिष्यामस्तैर्हीना बन्धुभिः प्रियैः ।
ātmā na śocanīyaste ślāghyo mṛtyustavānagha |
vayamevādhunā śocyāḥ sarvāvasthāsu kaurava || 27 ||
kṛpaṇaṃ vartayiṣyāmastairhīnā bandhubhiḥ priyaiḥ |
You are not to be pitied! On the other hand, your death, O sinless one, is enviable! It is we that are objects of pity, O Kaurava! We shall have to carry on a miserable existence, shorn of all our dear friends and kinsmen!
भ्रातॄणां चैव पुत्राणां तथा वै शोकविह्वलाः ॥ २८ ॥
कथं द्रक्ष्यामि विधवा वधूः शोकपरिप्लुताः ।
bhrātṝṇāṃ caiva putrāṇāṃ tathā vai śokavihvalāḥ || 28 ||
kathaṃ drakṣyāmi vidhavā vadhūḥ śokapariplutāḥ |
Alas, how shall I see the widows, of my brothers and sons and grandsons, all overwhelmed with grief and stricken down with sorrow.
त्वमेकः सुस्थितो राजन् स्वर्गे ते निलयो ध्रुवः ॥ २९ ॥
वयं नरकसंज्ञं वै दुःखं प्राप्स्याम दारुणम् ।
tvamekaḥ susthito rājan svarge te nilayo dhruvaḥ || 29 ||
vayaṃ narakasaṃjñaṃ vai duḥkhaṃ prāpsyāma dāruṇam |
You are, O king, departing from this world! You will surely go to heaven! We are, on the other hand, creatures of hell, and shall continue to suffer the bitterest grief!
स्नुषाश्च प्रस्नुषाश्चैव धृतराष्ट्रस्य विह्वलाः ।
गयिष्यन्ति नो नूनं विधवाः शोककर्शिताः ॥ ३० ॥
snuṣāśca prasnuṣāścaiva dhṛtarāṣṭrasya vihvalāḥ |
gayiṣyanti no nūnaṃ vidhavāḥ śokakarśitāḥ || 30 ||
The wives of Dhritarashtra's sons and grandsons stricken with grief will, forsooth, curse us all!'
संजय उवाच
एवमुक्त्वा सुदुःखार्तो निशश्वास स पार्थिवः ।
विललाप चिरं चापि धर्मपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ॥ ३१ ॥
saṃjaya uvāca
evamuktvā suduḥkhārto niśaśvāsa sa pārthivaḥ |
vilalāpa ciraṃ cāpi dharmaputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ || 31 ||
Saying these words, Dharma's son Yudhishthira, deeply afflicted with grief, began to sigh heavily and bewail."
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